4.2.1 Core Solution

The "Golden Combination" of zk-SNARKs and zk-STARKs

To address the trilemma of "efficiency - security - cost" in traditional ZKP solutions, a scenario-based adaptation strategy is adopted:

• zk-SNARKs (optimized version of Groth16): Focus on lightweight and high efficiency, suitable for high-frequency scenarios (such as social identity verification and small-amount transaction proof), with small proofs (within 200 bytes) and fast verification, reducing on-chain Gas fees.

• zk-STARKs: Focus on security and reliability, no trusted initialization, quantum attack resistance, suitable for core scenarios (large-amount asset transfers, RWA compliance verification, cross-chain confirmation).

• Intelligent scheduling: The system automatically matches the optimal solution according to the security level and efficiency requirements of the scenario, taking into account experience and security.

Key innovation: Recursive Zero-Knowledge ProofMultiple independent proofs (regardless of the underlying solution) are "nested and packaged" into a single recursive proof. Only one verification on the chain is required to confirm the validity of all proofs. The storage cost is reduced by 80% and the verification time is shortened by 67%, solving the problem of on-chain redundancy of multi-qualification proofs.